Estimation of Loss of Crestal Bone Around Dental Implants in Various Tissue Biotypes Using CBCT.

Objectives: To evaluate the loss of crestal bone height around dental implants placed in various tissue biotypes. Materials and Methods: 20 patients with single edentulous sites were allocated randomly, with 10 samples in each into Group I (implants were placed in thick tissue biotype) and Group II (implants were placed in thin tissue biotype). Baseline cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed after implant placement in both groups, and follow-up CBCT was taken at the time of cementation prior to occlusal loading to assess the crestal bone loss around the mesial and distal side of implants in both groups. Result: A significant loss of crestal bone at both the distal and mesial sides of the implants at the time of cementation was observed in both groups but Group II showed more crestal bone loss as compared to Group I. Conclusion: Mean crestal bone loss was more in Group II (thin tissue biotype) in comparison to Group I (thick tissue biotype). The thick biotype causes less crestal bone changes than the thin biotype, which evokes more loss of crestal bone during the period of peri-implant healing.

Assessment of Platelet-Rich Plasma Alone and Platelet-Rich Plasma Combined with Bioactive Glass in the Management of Intrabony Defect.

Objectives: To assess the function of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) both only and in combination with bioactive glass in intrabony defects. Materials and Method: Twenty patients were split into two groups with 10 samples each: group I with PRP alone, whereas group II was done with PRP in addition to bioactive glass. Following local anesthesia, full-thickness mucoperiosteal flaps were elevated in the afflicted site, the defect was debrided, and root planning with curettes was performed. Irrigation was then used while in group II- PRP along with bone graft (BG) preservationwas done. Suturing in group I was contained. At day 0 (baseline) and 6 months after surgery, the clinical parameters for probing depth, clinical attachment stage, and radiographic assessment were noted for both groups. Result: When comparing both groups, there was no statistically considerable variation. However, the intragroup comparison for pocket depth and clinical attachment level between baseline and 6 months was significant. Radiographic bone level was not considerably dissimilar across groups; however, it was significantly different between groups. Conclusion: Reduced probing depth, higher clinical attachment level, and radiographic evidence of bone fill are clinical outcome measures that are associated with effective regenerative therapy.

Assessment of Outcome of Oral Supplementation of Vitamin D3 as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing in Chronic Periodontitis Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus - A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background: Both diabetes and periodontitis affect millions of people worldwide and Vitamin D insufficiency may create a conducive environment for the progression of diabetes and periodontal disease. The aim of the study was to assess the outcome of oral supplementation of Vitamin D3 in patients with Type 2Diabetes Mellitus with generalized chronic periodontitis, as an adjuvant toscaling and root planing. Methodology: A total of 92 patients, including 46 each in non-diabetic and diabetec group. Clinical parameters including Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), Probing Pocket Depth (PPD), Clinical Attachment Level (CAL), levels of Vitamin D in serum, and Fasting Blood sugar were assessed at the baseline. SRP was finished for each participant in the trial. Following SRP, the first 25people in each group got 60,000 IU of oral vitamin D3 granules once a week for eight weeks, while the remaining 21 subjects from each group did not. At the conclusion of the 8th week following interventions, all the indicators were reviewed. Results: Following SRP and Vitamin D supplementation there was a measurably critical reduction in every one of the periodontal clinical indicators in both groups. In both groups, there was a statistically significant rise in serum vitamin D levels. Conclusion: In addition to SRP, vitamin D supplementation shows promise as a host immunomodulatory drug in the management of periodontitis, particularly in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Relationship of Dental Caries and Body Mass Index amongst School Children in Hail, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine caries prevalence and its association with body mass index in school children between 9-12 years of age in Hail, Saudi Arabia. Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 524 school children 9-12 years of age. These children were selected from 9 Public schools in Hail Province. Dental caries was recorded as per criteria established by the World Health Organization using assessment form for children 2013. Children were weighed using an electronic scale nearest to 0.1 kg with children attired in light clothing and wearing no shoes. The height was measured using a stadiometer to the nearest full centimeter with the children in a standing position. Body Mass Index (BMI) was determined using the formula BMI = kg/m2. Results: Caries prevalence in the population was 86%. The comparisons of mean DMFT between the groups demonstrate higher scores in the overweight group (mean=2.43) compared to normal weight (mean=1.85) and underweight children (mean=1.56) which is statistically significant (p=0.000). Bonferroni Post hoc test to compare the underweight and overweight group (p=0.000) and overweight and normal weight (p=0.000) were highly significant. Conclusion: A positive correlation of caries severity, namely DMFT, with BMI is established.

Early Prediction of Dental Caries using Hormonal Fingerprint in 6-12 Years Old Children: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background: The ratio between second and fourth digit lengths (2D:4D ratio) is termed as hormonal fingerprint. Second and fourth digit lengths ratio is used as a biological marker for predicting and diagnosis of many metabolic disorders mainly coronary heart disease and autism, whereas, in dentistry, this method is still in blooming stage. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the new biological marker-hormonal fingerprints in the early detection of caries in children. Methodology: A total of 250 children were randomly selected from both sexes of the age group 6-16 years. Caries assessment was done using standard mouth mirrors and community periodontal index probes. Caries status (deft and DMFT) was recorded and subjects with a total DMFT/deft score of >5 were considered to have a high caries rate. The hormonal fingerprint was made by measuring the length ratio of the index and ring finger with the help of vernier caliper. The entire study population was divided into children with 2D:4D ratio less than 1 and ≥1 based on the calculations of 2D:4D. Results: The results showed that 79.67% males and 29.92% females have 2D:4D ratio <1 and 70.07% females and 20.32% males have 2D:4D ≥1. There is negative correlation between caries incidence and 2D:4D ratio. Children with low 2D:4D ratio have high caries index (54.4%) and high 2D:4D ratio have low caries index (45.6%), which is statistically significant. Conclusion: The study confirms a positive correlation between low 2D:4D ratio and high caries, which could be used as an early biological predictor of dental caries. How to cite this article: Beegum F, Khan N, George S, et al. Early Prediction of Dental Caries using Hormonal Fingerprint in 6-12 Years Old Children: A Cross-sectional Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(3):247-250.

Comparative Evaluation of Salivary Enzyme in Patients With Gingivitis and Periodontitis: A Clinical-Biochemical Study.

Objective This study aims to relate aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in saliva and periodontal status in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis. Methods Forty-five patients have undergone a periodontal detailed examination as well as indexes sorted and classified into three gingival-based groups: healthy, gingivitis and periodontitis. Fifteen (15) patients were assigned for each group. Ten milliliter of stimulated saliva from a patient was collected after rinsing the mouth with 15 mL of water in a sterile tube. Biochemical analysis was conducted using the study GOT (ASAT) IFCC mod. liquiUV kit from HUMAN. Kinetic method for the determination of GOT (ASAT) activity and TC 84 Teco diagnostics chemistry analyzer. Result Acquired results indicated statically significant increases of AST level in saliva from patients with periodontitis and gingivitis (p < 0.01) in relation to the control group. Conclusion These results revealed that salivary AST level is higher in patients that have periodontal destruction, pocket depth and bleeding in probing. This clinically indicated that salivary biomarkers can be used as a diagnostic tool for the evaluation of periodontal health status.

Acceptance and Attitude toward COVID-19 Vaccination among the Public in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate vaccine acceptance and attitude to novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine among the general population in Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was conducted among the general population in Saudi Arabia above 18 years of age. The data were collected online, by questionnaire containing 20 questions using Google form, in both Arabic and English, and were distributed to friends, families, and relatives through mail, WhatsApp groups, and Twitter. The questionnaire was randomly given out to the people living in five provinces of Saudi Arabia. RESULTS: A sum of 1,713 participants responded to the online survey. The greatest number of participants were at the age between 31 years and 45 years (36.6%) and 56.4% were females. The results showed that 74.6% have not registered for the vaccination and 44.9% responded not to take the vaccine. About 60.80% were concerned about the side effects, and 48.2% were worried about the allergic reaction to COVID-19 vaccine. About 49.1% of participants agreed that preventive measures, such as wearing mask, social distance, and using sanitizers, keep the virus away, and 53.20% believes that being exposed to disease naturally is safer for the immune system. Around 23.90% believes that vaccination cannot reduce the possibility of getting COVID-19. CONCLUSION: In the present study, the negative attitudes and afraid of the side effects of the vaccine are the most reasons for indecision and rejection about COVID-19 vaccine. For the future COVID-19 vaccination campaign not to fail, the Ministry of Saudi Arabia should closely follow the vaccination development processes, inform the public transparently, and consider public's concerns. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The results of the current study will help the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia to attempt proactive missions by featuring the significance of immunization to the population and empowering vaccine take-up and acceptance.

Qualitative assessment of red blood cell parameters for signs of anemia in patients with chronic periodontitis.

AIM: Anemia of chronic disease is defined as anemia occurring in chronic infections and inflammatory conditions that is not caused by marrow deficiencies or other diseases and in the presence of adequate iron stores and vitamins. The present case control study was aimed to assess the red blood cell parameters for signs of anemia in patients with mild, moderate, and severe chronic periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A simple random sampling method was used to select 80 healthy male patients, who were divided into four groups based on full mouth periodontal examination as follows: group I patients comprised the control group (n = 20), which included patients with a clinically healthy periodontium, group II patients (n = 20) were diagnosed with mild chronic periodontitis, group III (n = 20) included moderate chronic periodontitis patients, and patients with severe chronic periodontitis formed group IV (n = 20). Laboratory blood investigations included total number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. RESULTS: Data analysis showed a statistically significant decrease in red blood cell parameters with increase in different grades of periodontitis. CONCLUSION: Results of the present study show a substantial decrease in red blood cell parameters with increase in the severity of periodontal destruction.